Teaching The Crucible: An Outline of My Unit - Write on With Miss G (2024)

Welcome to my second post in my series on teaching Arthur Miller’s drama, “The Crucible.” In my first post, I offer my top 5 tips on teaching the play, and in this one, I’m mapping out my entire unit, from pre-reading to assessment. I love teaching “The Crucible” now, but I actually hated the play in high school. Year after year, this unit has been a favorite for me and my students. I’m hoping that a glimpse into my planning process helps you make this text more engaging and accessible for your students.

Teaching The Crucible: An Outline of My Unit - Write on With Miss G (1)

FOCUS SKILLS & STANDARDS

“The Crucible” is a text rich for analysis, and you can teach just about any skill or standard with it. Here are the Common Core standards I prioritize while teaching this text:

PRE-READING

In my previous post, I emphasized the need for teaching historical, cultural, and political context, so check that out to learn more about why it’s so crucial to invest time in this before reading.

My hook for this unit is a fun “How Puritan Are You?” magazine-style personality quiz that helps students learn about Puritan values and practices. After students take the quiz, we discuss what the questions reveal about the Puritan way of life. Then, students learn more about Puritanism through learning stations that introduce students to Puritan ethics, theology, and more.

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After students understand Puritanism, we listen to excerpts from Jonathan Edwards’ infamous sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.” This lesson is always engaging due to its inherent shock value.

Finally, I introduce my students to the allegorical layer of the play: McCarthyism and the Red Scare. To tackle this, I have students complete a Webquest that builds historical background knowledge. Then, we play the “red dot game,” a simulation that models the process of unfounded accusations during the McCarthy era. This is not my own idea, but a quick Google search will give you instructions on this fun but meaningful activity.

ACT 1

Since “The Crucible” is the first piece of literature we read as a whole class, I heavily scaffold Act 1 and spend a lot of time on it. We always act it out, because I’m a firm believer in the fact that plays are meant to be seen and heard. Acting automatically increases engagement and allows students to take more ownership of the text and unit. For more information on how I do this with my students, check out my previous post.

Between the acting, close reading, analysis, activities, film, and assessment, we spend nearly 2 weeks on Act 1, because it’s crucial to understanding the rest of the play. During acting, we pause, discuss, and check for comprehension frequently. In addition, I have my students complete a character/conflict map as we read. This helps students track of all of the details Miller provides in his mini-essays before new characters come onstage.

We also closely read, annotate, and analyze the scene between Abby and Proctor and then evaluate the changes made to the film adaptation of this scene. At the end of the act, I facilitate learning stations to analyze characters and conflict, allegorical parallels to the Red Scare/McCarthyism, the Puritan paradox, and the role of fear. Finally, we watch the film and analyze the directors’ choices. Film analysis is the perfect way to scaffold the literary analysis we will practice throughout the rest of the play. More on that later!

My Act 1 assessment is a “blame chart” that asks students to critically think about who is responsible for the hysteria at the end of the act. Students distribute blame in a pie chart and defend their interpretation with explanations and textual evidence. You can find all of my Act 1 activities here.

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ACT 2

We spend around 3 days acting out Act 2. I typically have my students read the first portion of this act in small groups. Then, they analyze the conversation between the Proctors with giant close-reading task cards. In small groups, students annotate the excerpts and discuss the conflict between the Proctors.

We act out the rest of Act 2, because who doesn’t want to use props like a poppet, handcuffs, and a search warrant? Along the way, we stop to analyze the purpose of the irony, as well as character development. Analyzing Miller’s choices in the earlier acts of the play scaffolds students’ understanding of the theme and allegorical purpose of the text later on. Finally, after we have analyzed the text in great detail, we watch the film and analyze the director’s choices as a way to practice literary analysis.

To creatively assess students’ understanding of characters and plot, I have them write a diary entry from the perspective of one character. If you’d like to check out all of these activities for Act 2, they’re bundled for you here.

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ACT 3

During my first few years of teaching “The Crucible,” we read/acted out all of Act 3 & 4, but it always took too long. I’m pretty sure we spent an entire 2 months on “The Crucible” my first year of teaching. I love acting it out, but I can’t justify too many days of acting the play out when I have analysis standards to teach. To maximize my time, I began substituting the 1996 film adaptation for the text of Act 3 & 4. I created these film analysis guides to scaffold literary analysis through film analysis.

These guides are not your typical “movie guides” filled with comprehension questions to keep the kids busy when you press play. Instead, these guides force students to be active viewers while they analyze characterization, author’s choices, purpose, plot devices, and more. After viewing, we discuss the changes made to the film adaptation and the effect on one’s interpretation of the film. You can read more about my decision to use film with “The Crucible” here and learn about how I engage reluctant readers with film here.

Because I still want students to be exposed to key parts of the text, I supplement the film with close readings of key excerpts from Proctor and Danforth. After viewing Act 3, we do another round of critical thinking learning stations that challenge students to analyze the power structure, characterization, irony, author’s choices, dramatic structure, and author’s purpose. You can check out my close reading activities and learning stations for Act 3 here.

ACT 4

After watching Act 4, I host a funeral for John Proctor, which is just a creative way to force my students to analyze the characterization of Proctor, the meaning behind his death, and how Miller’s choice to end the tragedy in this way contributes to theme and purpose. Students write an elegy or eulogy that creatively demonstrates mastery of these essential questions, and then I set the stage with “sad music” from YouTube and battery-powered tea light candles from the Dollar Tree. It’s always a hit and a much more effective way to address these complex questions.

Finally, I challenge students to “escape the Salem hysteria” through an engaging escape room activity that’s designed to function as review and analysis. The escape room challenges start simple, with comprehension and identification of literary devices, and gradually progress to more cognitively complex tasks involving close-reading, analysis, allegory, and theme. Because this activity forces students to examine the text, we are always able to have much more meaningful discussions about the text as a whole after the escape room.

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ASSESSMENT

To assess the literary analysis standards, I use two extended response questions that ask students to analyze character development, theme, and purpose. These written responses offer student choice and are a great way for students to demonstrate mastery of the standards. I’ve found that these written responses are a much better measure of my students’ skills than previous multiple-choice assessments I’ve given. Plus, they offer some much-needed writing practice that will come in handy for our following unit on argumentation. While any written assessment takes more time to grade, I’ve found that I can grade these efficiently with my rubric and sample responses.

Thanks for reading!

I hope this post helps make teaching “The Crucible” easier for you and more engaging for your students. If you are interested in any of these lessons or activities, check out myCrucible unit bundle! In the meantime, please let me know if you have any questions about how I teach this play.

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Teaching The Crucible: An Outline of My Unit - Write on With Miss G (2024)

FAQs

What are 3 themes in The Crucible? ›

Themes
  • Intolerance. The Crucible is set in a theocratic society, in which the church and the state are one, and the religion is a strict, austere form of Protestantism known as Puritanism. ...
  • Hysteria. ...
  • Reputation. ...
  • Goodness. ...
  • Judgment. ...
  • Social Status. ...
  • Ownership and Property. ...
  • Justice.

What lesson is Miller trying to teach? ›

Arthur Miller wanted to send a message about intolerance and hysteria in "The Crucible." He wanted to highlight how both can lead to being illogical and inhumane towards people. In the play, people lose their freedom and lives because they do not conform to norms and because people are swept away by fear and anxiety.

What is the main point of The Crucible? ›

Inspired by the McCarthy hearings of the 1950s, Arthur Miller's play, The Crucible, focuses on the inconsistencies of the Salem witch trials and the extreme behavior that can result from dark desires and hidden agendas.

What is a short explanation of The Crucible? ›

The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a fictional play based on the Salem witch trials which took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. It tells the story of a village that becomes embroiled in a witch hunt. The people of Salem live in a constant state of fear as more and more people are accused of witchcraft.

What grade level is The Crucible? ›

Children anywhere from 13 and up should be fine with this book, in my opinion, and it's a great story worth reading.

What is the irony in The Crucible? ›

What is the ultimate irony of The Crucible? The Crucible is a play that illustrates the ridiculousness of the Salem Witch Trials. It depicts a court that is based on hypocrisy and falsehoods. This sarcastic form makes the entire play an example of verbal irony.

What are the conflicts and themes in The Crucible? ›

The conflict between the security of the community and individual freedom (p. 5) is one theme that runs through the play. Salem was a community that felt under siege, threatened by the dangers of the wilderness, the possible corrupting influences of other Christian sects, and a genuine fear of the Devil.

What are 3 conflicts in The Crucible? ›

What are the 3 types of conflict? John Proctor's hatred of himself for his sins. Elizabeth's belief that John had an affair because of her. Hale regretting his actions in Salem.

Why do teachers teach The Crucible? ›

The emotional back and forth trials of the play lend themselves to ideal scenes that beg to be read and acted aloud. As with most plays, putting the words into action can help students immerse themselves in understanding motivations and allow for close readings.

What are the learning objectives of The Crucible? ›

Learning Objectives for The Crucible

Discuss how superstition, mass hysteria, greed, and revenge fuel the plot. Define "tragic hero" and explore to what extent John Proctor can be considered one. Trace the relationship between John and Elizabeth Proctor as it develops throughout the play.

What should students learn from The Crucible? ›

The Crucible teaches us any lessons that we will encounter somewhere in our lives. It teaches us that people are scared of other people being different than them. It also teaches is that when it comes to people obtaining what they want their morals won't matter at all.

What are some key facts about crucible? ›

At a Glance:
  • Full Title The Crucible.
  • Author Arthur Miller.
  • Type of work Play.
  • Genre Tragedy, Allegory, Historical Fiction.
  • Language English.
  • Time and place written America, early 1950s.
  • Date of first publication 1953.
  • Publisher Viking Press.

What is the topic sentence for crucible essay? ›

Topic sentence 1: Feeling remorseful, Hale is a significant character who attempts to right his wrongs. Topic sentence 2: Another character who tries to redeem himself and correct past mistakes is John Proctor.

Why do schools read The Crucible? ›

By teaching The Crucible, educators can introduce students to the McCarthy era and examine propaganda, hearsay, and fake news. However, the question we come back to often in discussion about canonical works and their place in modern society is: What could be used instead?

Is The Crucible appropriate for high school? ›

The Crucible is generally required reading for middle or high school students, and is often used as a point of departure to discuss the anti-communist McCarthyism of the 1950s.

What age is Abigail in crucible? ›

In Arthur Miller's 1953 play, The Crucible, a fictionalized story of the Salem witch trials, Abigail Williams is the name of a character whose age in the play is raised a full five or six years, to age 17, and she is motivated by a desire to be in a relationship with John Proctor, a married farmer with whom she had ...

What are the 3 types of irony in The Crucible? ›

As readers we encounter three forms of irony in The Crucible—dramatic Irony, situational irony, and verbal irony.

What is ironic about Elizabeth's lie? ›

Elizabeth lies to protect her husband by denying all knowledge of the affair between Proctor and Abigail. It is an example of dramatic irony that Elizabeth, a woman who supposedly never lies, tells this untruth and ends up condemning her husband as a liar and making Abigail seem believable once more.

What are the symbols in The Crucible? ›

The three main symbols of The Crucible are the poppet, the gavel, and the hunt for witches that occurs throughout the play. This play is meant to illustrate the danger of making unwarranted accusations.

How does The Crucible end? ›

The Crucible ends with John Proctor marching off to a martyr's death. By refusing to lie and confess to witchcraft, he sacrifices his life in the name of truth.

What is the foreshadowing in The Crucible? ›

Mercy predicts Mary's confession early on by saying that Mary “means to tell, I know it.” Mary immediately concedes that “we must tell the truth,” so Mercy teases Mary for her cowardice until she agrees to keep their secret, showing how easily influenced Mary is by the other girls.

What is the problem in The Crucible? ›

Witchcraft is a prominent problem in The Crucible. The entire play centers on this one problematic event that has everyone in the town of Salem panic-stricken and accused of being a witch.

What is the most important conflict in The Crucible? ›

The major external conflict is John Proctor trying to save his wife from being hanged by the town officials for supposedly being a witch. The major internal conflict is John trying to decide between saving himself and family from being hanged, or accept the death penalty for false accusations against him.

What is the central conflict of The Crucible? ›

In The Crucible, the central conflict that John Proctor faces is when Abigail Williams, the woman he had previously had an affair with, accuses Elizabeth, his wife, of being a witch. When John goes to try and clear his wife's name, he only makes matters worse.

What is the main conflict tension in this section crucible? ›

What is the main conflict/tension in this section? The main conflict in the section is the Puritans need for land. The Puritans needed more space for themselves and their families. Clearly, they could gain land at the expense of the Indians' land.

What lesson did John learn in The Crucible? ›

Answer and Explanation: The most important thing that John Proctor learns about himself by the end of Act II in The Crucible is that he will need to comes to terms with his guilt and shame over his extramarital affair with Abigail Williams.

What are the goals for teaching The Crucible? ›

Learning Objectives for The Crucible

Discuss how superstition, mass hysteria, greed, and revenge fuel the plot. Define "tragic hero" and explore to what extent John Proctor can be considered one. Trace the relationship between John and Elizabeth Proctor as it develops throughout the play.

What are the essential questions of The Crucible? ›

The Crucible Essential Questions: How does a collective fear affect the group or individuals? Is hypocrisy a natural human flaw? Why and how do religion, politics and persecution interact?

Why do schools teach The Crucible? ›

By teaching The Crucible, educators can introduce students to the McCarthy era and examine propaganda, hearsay, and fake news. However, the question we come back to often in discussion about canonical works and their place in modern society is: What could be used instead?

What are the benefits of crucible? ›

The benefits of crucible lie in its ability to withstand very high temperatures, which makes it ideal for laboratory experiments involving extremely hot chemical reactions as well as corrosive and pigmentation processes. It is a common chemistry lab apparatus that is used for heat-related experiments.

What are the 4 main goals of effective teachers? ›

Enhancing quality learning, working for the benefit of the whole community, learning on the go, improving and maintaining their well-being, are the main 4 goals of effective teachers.

What are the most important objects in The Crucible? ›

The three main symbols of The Crucible are the poppet, the gavel, and the hunt for witches that occurs throughout the play. This play is meant to illustrate the danger of making unwarranted accusations.

What are the 2 main definitions of a crucible? ›

1. : a pot in which metals or other substances are heated to a very high temperature or melted. 2. formal + literary : a difficult test or challenge. He's ready to face the crucible of the Olympics.

Why is The Crucible important to history? ›

hur Miller's 1953 play on the Salem witch trials, The Crucible, was written as an allegory of McCarthyism and the anti-Communist hysteria in the U.S. in the 1950s. Yet, more than sixty years later, this landmark work about social scapegoating remains provocative and timely.

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